Pumps/Inflation

A durable and accurate shock pump. - Lightweight 6063-T6 aluminum construction. - 300 PSI maximum pressure. - No-loss thread on valve ensure accurate pressure remains in shock when removed. - Double-braided hose ensures long-term durability. - Bleed valve for fine-tuning pressure. - 365mm total length. - 185g

Ride essentials. Going for a ride but don’t know what to pack? No problem; we’ve got you covered. The local ride kit offers up what you need to get home; and extra carrying capacity to bring along anything else. With a seatbag, mini pump, mini tool and tire levers, this little kit, bundled in a compact package, has all the tools you need to get out there and keep going. - Blackburn's Local Seat Bag (Medium) offers extra space to pack your tube, wallet, phone, or whatever you want - Blackburn Heist 6 Multi Tool provides a quality tool to make sure your bike is adjusted properly for your ride - Blackburn's Mountain AnyValve Mini-Pump comes equipped with their popular and proven AnyValve head, which works on Presta, Schrader, and Dunlop valves. - 2x tire levers

New design in full metal to quickly identify Presta and Schrader sides. Longer lever for easier use. Lower profile air release button to minimize unintended pressure release. Upgrade any existing pump to the TwinHead DX pump head includes extra long and mounting hardware. - Head: Full metal TwinHead DX1 Fits Presta / Schrader / Dunlop - Material: Aluminum head / Rubber hose - Pressure Tuning: Air release button - Size: 8.2 x 5 x 4.3 cm / 3.2” x 2” x 1.7” (head); 110 cm (hose length) - Weight: 100 grams

The Roadie TT Twin Turbo is a full-metal, pocket-sized mini pump that transfers larger air volume from a bigger diameter outer chamber into a smaller diameter inner chamber to deliver more air at higher pressures to fill tires 50% faster and easier. Integrated dust cap keeps pump head clean and thumb lock lever ensures an air-tight seal. - Head: Presta with integrated dust cap - Barrel / Thumb Lock / Handle: Aluminum - Capacity: 160psi / 11 bar - Volume Per Stroke: 41.4cc - Side mount bracket - Size: 19.5 x 3.3 x 2.35cm / 7.7" x 1.3" x 0.9" - Weight: 100g / 3.53oz

The smallest Morph is still big on features. Fills both fat and skinny tires with ease, fold out foot pad for hassle-free inflation. Includes in-line gauge for perfect inflation every time.

The Alloy Digital Drive is a durable bicycle floor pump with a beautifully constructed CNC-machined aluminum barrel and base. It has a stylish wood handle with an aluminum junction and a steel piston built to last a lifetime. Highly accurate, easy-to-read 3.5” (88.9 MM) digital gauge. Extra long, nylon-reinforced braided hose with aluminum couplers. ABS1 Pro equipped. - CNC machined aluminum construction - Precision 3.5-inch hi-visibility digital gauge - 220 PSI - Varnished wood handle with aluminum junction - Extra-long nylon reinforced braided hose with aluminum couplers - ABS1 Pro chuck

The Pocket Drive is an amazingly compact and lightweight bicycle hand pump featuring plenty of pumping efficiency. It's constructed from durable CNC machined aluminum and has a handle that's lightly knurled for slip-resistant operation. With its overlapping handle and integrated ABS Flex Hose, the Pocket Drive offers performance unmatched for its size. The pump is Presta and Schrader valve compatible, and it's completely rebuildable for continued use at a high level. - 140mm, 79g - 160 psi, 11 bar - CNC machined aluminum construction with compact overlapping handle. - Presta and Schrader valve compatible ABS Flex Hose. - Includes Composite Matrix frame mount - Lever Kit - Twin Speed Drive CO2 - Velcro Strap

Floor pump nylon braided hose with an included ABS1 Pro chuck, compatible with the Pressure Overdrive and Digital Pressure Overdrive.

- 30 psi, 2.1bar - High-volume, portable pump optimized for plus-size tire systems - CNC machined aluminum barrel, piston - Tubeless tire repair kit storage in handle - CO2 Speed Drive and 20g CO2 included - Presta/Schrader valve chuck

Topeak's Race Rocket CB boasts a sleek carbon construction for superb function, ultra light weight and max pump power. Its small size easily fits into a jersey pocket and with a capacity of 160 psi you'll have no problem getting rolling again. The Race Rocket's extendable hose with SmartHead fits both Presta and Schrader valves and lets you pump from a more comfortable angle, lessening chances of valve breakage.

This clever dual-gauge floor pump was exclusively designed for low pressure Fat-Bike tires and moderate pressure MTB tires. A massive oversized barrel is 1.5 times larger than a standard floor pump and delivers large air volume to fill oversized tires quickly. A 30 psi (2 bar) gauge shows precise low pressure for Fat-Bike tires while the 75 psi (5 bar) gauge shows higher pressures for MTB tires. An air release button on the TwinHead™ allows for fine-tuning pressure.

The longest and slimmest version in the DA pump series fills high-pressure road tires fast. Dual-Action (DA) doubles volume with each stroke and inflates tires to 120 psi / 8 bar. Integrated dust cap keeps pump head clean and thumb lock lever insures air-tight seal. Specs - HEAD: Presta with integrated dust cap - BARREL / THUMB LOCK: Aluminum - HANDLE: Plastic - CAPACITY: 120 psi / 8 bar - VOLUME PER STROKE: 66.9 cc (pull + push) - SIZE: 25.8 x 3.2 x 2.8 cm / 10.2” x 1.3” x 1.1” - WEIGHT: 118 g / 4.16 oz Added Features - Dual-action pumping head - Side-mount bracket

Why carry two separate pumps for your tires and your suspension? Topeak's Shock 'n Roll does it all, and does it well. Its aluminum barrel is only 9.8 inches long, but this little wonder packs a wallop, it'll inflate your tires, your fork or your shock up to 300psi. Though, that might be a bit much for your tires! A 2-stage selector makes it easy to switch between the two, and the SmartHead fits both Schrader and Presta valves. Other great features include a pressure-release button that lets you fine-tune your pressure with ease thanks to its easy-to-read gauge and a rotating hose for those hard-to-access shock valves.

The Mountain TT G Twin Turbo pump has a large, integrated 1-1/8"-diameter easy-to-read analog gauge. It fills both large-volume fat bike tires and higher pressure MTB tires with ease. TwinTurbo technology uses both strokes to compress air to deliver high-pressure output and saves time and effort. Integrated dust cap keeps pump head clean and thumb-lock lever ensures an air-tight seal. - Head: Presta / Schrader / Dunlop with integrated dust cap - Barrel: Aluminum - Thumb Lock/Handle: Polymer - Capacity: 60psi / 4bar, 1-1/8” Analog - Volume Per Stroke: 91cc - Added Features: Side mount bracket - Size: 25.3 x 4.9 x 4cm / 10” x 1.9” x 1.6” - Weight: 227g / 8oz

Rebuild seal kit for the Lezyne HP Floor Drives (CNC, Alloy, Classic, Steel, Sport). Kit includes a replacement swivel and a piston seal o-ring.

160 PSI replacement analog pressure gauge for all standard travel floor pumps; includes glue and O-ring. With a 1.5-inch face, this gauge increases visibility and allows a precise measurement of tire pressure.

A Shop Quality Precision Pump For The Home Mechanic. Meet the Core Pro, our top of the line floor pump. Constructed of durable 6061 Alloy, the Pro stands at nearly 29 inches tall, giving it the largest air chamber in our line. That means less pumps for greater pressure. The Pro also boasts a 51-inch hose to reach your bike, even if it's on the back of your car. Our AirTap head is designed to be compatible with Presta, Schrader and even Dunlop valves and it features an in-line bleed button for pressure perfection. Did we mention it might just be the best looking cycling accessory you own? Airtap Core Pump Head - Our AirTap reversible pump head works with Schrader, Presta or Dunlop valves and features an integrated air bleed button right at the valve for perfect pressure, every time. Aviation Gauge - The massive, 3-inch-wide base-mounted gauge lets you easily read your tire pressure, and adds to the footprint of the Core pump's solid stance. Extra-Long Hose - Whether your bike is on a hitch rack, in the work stand or at the trail head, we've got you covered. The Core Pro floor pump boasts a 51-inch-long hose to reach just about anywhere. 6061 Alloy Construction - The handle, air chamber and base of the Core Pro are constructed of 6061 alloy. Strong enough for aircraft means it's a perfect material for a shop-level floor pump.

Inexpensive Doesn't Mean Cheap. The Core 2 pump still shares all the techy bits of its big siblings but is built for folks operating on a smaller budget. The AirTap head will function with Schrader/Presta/Dunlop valves and has an integrated bleed valve for dialing in your pressure. Our aviation-style gauge is 2.5 inches wide, and easy to read. It's also built into the base to add to the stability of the Core 2 during use. Whether you are in the basement, the garage or at the trail head, the Core 2 has you covered. - Dimensions: 4.25 x 9 x 24 inches Airtap Core Pump Head - Our AirTap reversable pump head works with Schrader, Presta or Dunlop valves and features an integrated air bleed button right at the valve for perfect pressure, every time. Aviation Guage - The 2.5-inch-wide base-mounted gauge lets you easily read your tire pressure, and adds to the footprint of the Core 2 pump's solid stance. Air Bleed - Button on the pump head to micro-adjust pressure.

Integrated stainless steel storage bracket that fits under a bottle cage. Holds included Twin Speed Drive CO2 head, V5 multi tool, two CO2 cartridges and two Matrix levers. Not available with CO2 cartridges in all countries. Weight: 95g /311g Loaded

Topeak's JoeBlow Fat is the first floor pump exclusively designed for low pressure fat tire bikes. The massive oversized barrel is 1.5 times larger than standard floor pumps and delivers big air volume to fill fat tire bikes quickly. Low pressure gauge with pressure release button on the hose head lets you adjust tire pressure accurately.

Topeak's Presta Valve Extender is the perfect solution for getting to those hard-to-reach valve stems. It's precision-machined from aluminum and is designed to fit deep-dish carbon and aluminum rims that have a depth of 60 to 90mm. And, it comes with an O-ring seal to ensure a leak-free fit.

Half air compressor – Half pump. The JoeBlow Booster pump just made it easier to install tubeless tires. This pump has an integrated aluminum air chamber that stores an air charge of one liter, up to 160psi / 11 bar, to quickly fill your tire and ensure the proper installation on a tubeless rim, just like a shop compressor. Once you flip the selector from “CHARGE” to “INFLATE” mode, air bypasses the chamber and flows directly into your tire like a standard pump. The top-mounted easy to read gauge, air release button and comfortable dual density polymer grip, combined with its extra-long hose and stable base makes mounting tubeless and standard tires a breeze! - ADDED FEATURE: Hose dock - BARREL: Anodized aluminum w/ large cylindrical aluminum chamber - BASE: Steel - GAUGE: 160 psi / 11 bar, Top mount analog - HANDLE: Oversize padded / Dual density polymer - HEAD: SmartHead DX3 w/ air release button & x-long hose - PRESSURE TUNING: Air release button - SIZE: 74 x 25 x 18.5 cm / 29.1” x 9.8” x 7.3” - WEIGHT: 2.9 kg / 6.4 lb

A compact, lightweight hand pump with an efficient, overlapping Composite Matrix handle, the HP Drive features a CNC-machined aluminum barrel and piston and is optimized for high-pressure applications. It's quipped with our ABS Flex hose which is both Presta and Schrader valve compatible. Includes Composite Matrix frame mount.

The Muc-Off Inflator kits help riders quickly inflate their tires and quickly get back to riding in no time. Each kit contains 2x cartridges, 1x compact and durable CNC-machined inflator head with soft-touch press down button which easily controls CO2 release. Dual head nozzle compatible with Presta and Schrader valves and 1x neoprene sleeve to help avoid freeze burn. - Push design to easily control CO2 release - Stainless steel internal pin - Dual head nozzle, compatible with both Presta & Schrader valves - Compatible with most threaded 16g & 25g CO2 Cartridges - Two cartridges included

Easy to use, powerful, durable and economical, Park Tool's PFP-8 Home Mechanic's Floor Pump has a place in every garage and home bike shop and is perfect to take along to cycling events, too! It inflates like a champ thanks to its sturdy steel barrel, tough handle, composite thumblock head that fits Presta and Schrader valves, sturdy steel base, long hose and extra-large, easy-to-read gauge.

- Top-mounted gauge - AutoHead technology - V-shaped rubber padded handle - Durable and steady stainless steel barrel and base - Over-sized 3.5" analog gauge with air-bleed button - Portable tubeless accessories stored in handle

LESS IS MORE. The Giant Control Tower 2 is a great pump choice. A durable structure provides stability during use, remove the surplus function provides better efficiency with fewer strokes to fill your tires. The proven AutoHead is compatible with most common tire valves and the large 3-inch gauge makes it easy to read up to 180psi. - Easy-to-read 3.0" base mounted analog gauge - Comfortable handle with solid steel barrel design - AutoHead design - 180psi rating

Lezyne's Speed Chuck is the fastest way to air up your aero disc wheels. It's made from Composite Matrix and is designed to fit Presta valves on deep-dish carbon disc wheels.

Profile Design's CO2 Mounting Bracket is a small, light holder that attaches to any Profile rear-mounted drink system or under any bottle cage. Once in place, the bracket provides a handy place to carry a CO2 refill cartridge for your CO2 inflator (Profile drink system, bottles, CO2 cartridges and inflators sold separately).

Pssstttt. Tired of hearing that when you disconnect your shock pump? Well, hear it no more thanks to Topeak's Pressure-Rite. It's a must have for suspension fanatics as its ingenious design prevents air loss when adjusting shock and fork pressure. It's also available in a Presta version, perfect for disc wheels.

The “Holster” allows you to carry your GUP in style and have quick access to it when it’s needed the most. The long Velcro strap allows it to fit on most frames, seat posts and saddle rails, while the lightweight silicon block protects your frame and keeps your GUP securely fastened. Holster up!

Refills! Get your refills here! Blackburn 25g CO2 Bulk Box of 16, Threaded-Metallic Silver Compatible with our Wayside inflators. Stash one in your seat bag or your back pack. Peace of mind that is much cheaper than a cab ride home! - THREADED CO2 - Carton includes 16 x 25g of CO2 cartridges - FASTER INFLATION - Allows for quick inflation on MTB, CX, and gravel bikes. - THREADED CO2 - Carton includes 16 x 25g of CO2 cartridges

The pull-out hose puts less stress on the valve. It's all very well hauling a giant pump around, but all that leverage can snap a delicate valve stem right off. This is a slimmer version of Blackburn's Core Pump that features a thread-on Presta-specific head with a short pull-out hose to give more options on where you pump from and fewer chances of your rippling muscles pulling the thing clean off. We weren't using that space in the barrel anyway, so the hose doesn't even affect the pump's efficiency. - Machined Presta valve core tool in the pump's base - Thread-on Presta valve on the extending flexible hose - Fits easily in jersey pocket or next to your bottle cage - 120 PSI - Weight: 104 grams

This durable pump with SwitchHitter head automatically adjusts for Schrader or Presta valves. - SwitchHitter head works on Schrader or Presta valves with no disassembly. - Plunger locks to body chamber with a simple twist for secure storage. - Water bottle boss mount included. - Max pressure: 120psi (8.3bar) - Volume per stroke: 48.4cc

Small, efficient, reliable—the three key features of the Air Tool MTB Mini pump. With the inverted dual chamber design, this pump moves 20% more air per stroke than the unit it replaced, yet is 10% smaller. - Inverted dual chamber design is smaller yet moves 20% more air per stroke when compared to our previous design, reducing pumping time by up to two minutes. - Twist locking head is easily converted to fit Presta or Schrader valves. - Machined outer barrel for extra grip while pumping. - Aluminum inner and outer chamber for durable performance. - Water bottle boss frame mounting bracket included. - Max pressure: 60 PSI (4.1bar) - Volume-per-stroke: 55cc - Water bottle boss frame mounting bracket included.

The best road mini pump does two things well—it inflates tubes quickly, and it stashes easily. The reliable Air Tool Road Mini pump moves almost twice as much air as its predecessor, thanks to its inverted dual chamber design. It gives you total peace of mind on days when pesky flats catch you off-guard. - Inverted dual chamber design is smaller yet moves 58% more air per stroke when compared to our previous design, reducing pumping time by up to four minutes. - Presta-only head with updated dust cover prevents pump from opening due to vibration. - Machined outer barrel for extra grip while pumping. - All-aluminum inner and outer chamber for durable performance. - Water bottle boss frame mounting bracket included. - Max pressure: 100 PSI (6.9 bar) - Volume-per-stroke: 30cc - Volume-per-stroke: 30cc - Water bottle boss frame mounting bracket included.

One tubeless bicycle tire tool to rule them all. Compact and versatile, this is the ultimate tubeless tire repair tool. Never get stuck on the side of the trail again! Self-contained tire repair kit includes: - 5 tubeless repair plugs - 2 Presta core valves - Integrated valve core removal tool - Small, strong plugger tool - Alloy weatherproof storage capsule

- 23" steel barrel with ABS composite base - Smart head fits Schrader / Presta - 2" low-mount gauge | 160 psi / 11 bar - 36" replaceable rubber hose - Ergonomic V-handle - Integrated storage for ball and toy adapters

Get back on the road fast with Control Blast 0. Featuring a reversible head for Presta & Schrader with a valve knob which unwinds to apply just the right amount of pressure. Features - Easy fill rate control knob - Threaded Presta and Schrader valve compatible system - Alloy construction - Head only (cartridge not included) - Compatible with threaded cartridges

Featuring our simple, proven spring-loaded valve design the Wayside will get your tire aired back up, no muss, no fuss. It'll work with pretty much any threaded CO2 cartridge on the market and is compatible with Presta or Schrader valves. - Thread-On Design—Hold on tight. The thread-on Presta/Schrader valve at the end of the extending flexible hose ensures that even the fiddliest of valves is held securely for inflation. - Faster Inflation—Allows for quick inflation on a road, MTB, CX, or gravel bike. - Anyvalve Pump Head—Works great on Presta, Schrader, and Dunlop valves. No leaking, no fuss, clean and simple. - 45 grams - Lifetime warranty

A lightweight workhorse pump. Perfect for family use in the garage or to throw in the back of the car. Inflation needles optimize potential non-bike uses. - Stable (235mm x 120mm) fiber composite base - 480mm Fiber composite barrel and pump shaft - Fiber composite handle - 85cm premium quality hose - Precision 51mm mid-mounted gauge - Headrush dual connector instantly fits Presta or Schrader valves - Inflation needles included - 120 PSI Maximum pressure, suitable for most bicycle types - 750g

Reach peak inflation pressure in a flash with Topeak's Peak DX II. Its butted-aluminum barrel and folding T-handle makes pumping up tires a snap! Plus, the thumb-lock SmartHead grips tight on both Presta and Schrader valves.

This mini sized gauge can be attached between the pump and valve to read pressures while pumping or used alone. Provides pressure readings up to 160 psi / 11 bar. Rotating gauge is easy to read and the head works with Presta, Schrader or Dunlop valves on bikes / motorcycles / car tires, forks or shocks while the Thumb Lock lever ensures an airtight seal. An air release button allows fine tuning of pressure. - Pump Head Compatibility: Presta / Schrader pumps - Tire Valve Compatibility: Presta / Schrader / Dunlop valves - Gauge: Reads 160psi / 11 bar, 1-1/2" analog - Pressure Tuning: Air release button - Material: Engineering grade polymer / aluminum - 360 degree rotatable gauge, Dust cap - Size: 6.2 x 5.8 x 3cm / 2.4" x 2.3" x 1.2" - Weight: 50g / 1.76oz

- Telescoping for high-pressure or high-volume - Aluminum barrel - Aluminum lever and valve cap - SoftGrip handle - Reversible valve for Schrader/Presta - 80psi-HV/120psi-HP - Ultra compact 7.5" length (190mm) - Includes frame mount bracket, screws, and optional strap

A compact, lightweight hand pump with an efficient, overlapping Composite Matrix handle, the HP Drive features a CNC-machined aluminum barrel and piston and is optimized for high-pressure applications. It's quipped with our ABS Flex hose which is both Presta and Schrader valve compatible. Includes Composite Matrix frame mount.

Crank Brothers Klic HP sports a revolutionary design that has a hidden flexible hose hidden inside the pump body. A magnetic head and twisting collar allow the hose to be attached easily and keeps debris out. - High-pressure portable hand pump with hidden magnetic hose - Premium pump with flexible rubber hose to allow for easy inflation. - Features include a Presta/Schrader valve adapter, magnetic head with twisting collar, and a folding and locking handle. - HP (high pressure) version recommended for tires 45c and narrower. - All Klic pumps come with a bottle cage bracket mount. - Length 220mm - Pressure 120psi / 8.3bar - Weight: 115 grams

A new All-Mountain standard. Lezyne's threaded 25g CO2 cartridge for use with most Lezyne CO2 inflators. It inflates one large MTB tire (26” x 2.5”) to 40psi (2.8bar).* Sold in packs of five.

- Mid-volume steel barrel and piston with composite matrix base - Precision 3.5-inch gauge (100 psi / 6.89 bar) - Extra long, high-strength hose - Varnished wood handle - ABS1 Pro with Presta/Schrader valve chuck

Lezyne's easy-to-use Alloy Drive CO2 is super-compact and portable. Its simple twist operation lets you control exactly how much CO2 you're putting into your tires. Plus, its aluminum construction is lightweight, durable and easy on the eyes. What's more, the Alloy Drive is Presta/Schrader compatible, comes with an anti-freeze sleeve, and works with all threaded cartridges. - CNC-machined aluminum dispenser with brass internals - CNC control knob twists for easy and controlled inflation - Twin Slip Chuck head presses on to Presta and Schrader valves - Neoprene sleeve insulates hand from cold during discharge - Compatible with threaded CO2 cartridges (sold separately)

Adapts Presta valve stems for use with standard Schrader pumps.

- 1.5'' pressure gauge - DualHead head fits Schrader / Presta - Bleed valve - 160 psi maximum pressure

Topeak's CO2-Bra Race Pod keeps all of your flat repair tools organized and easily accessible. The minimalist holder easily mounts to a seatpost or seat tube and its low weight won't weigh you down on the climbs. The whole package includes Topeak's easy to use CO2-Bra inflator with visual indicator, two CO2 cartridges, two tire levers, and the holder.

Topeak's Joe Blow Sprint quickly inflates tires thanks to its durable aluminum barrel, a sturdy steel base, a tight-sealing aluminum thumblock head that fits Presta and Schrader valves and an oversized, padded handle. And, the easy-to-read, top-mounted gauge lets you dial in the perfect pressure every time!

New design in full metal with longer lever for easier use. Lower profile air release button to minimize unintended pressure release. Upgrade any existing pump to the SmartHead DX pump head includes extra long and mounting hardware. - Head: Full metal SmartHead DX1-Fits Presta/Schrader - Material: Aluminum head Rubber hose - Pressure Tuning: Air release button - Size: 8.3 x 5 x 2.6 cm / 3.3” x 2” x 1” (head)-110 cm (hose length) - Weight: 91 grams

Topeak's Joe Blow Max II quickly inflates tires with a durable steel barrel, a sturdy composite base, a tight-sealing TwinHead that fits Presta and Schrader valves and a padded handle. You'll also appreciate the easy-to-read gauge.

Topeak's CO2-Bra CO2 Inflator gives you speed and convenience when it's time to fix a flat. A flip-up thumb lever puts precise flow control in your hands while the ergonomic handle gives you a better grip while inflating. An integrated safety ring prevents accidental cartridge puncture during storage. The CO2-Bra accepts threaded 16g cartridges and works with both Schrader and Presta valves.

Lezyne's Caddy Sack CO2 is a complete CO2 inflator and tire repair kit in a simple, weather resistant, reusable pouch. This kit includes a Caddy Sack, Twin Speed Drive, two threaded 16g CO2 cartridges, Power Levers, and a Smart Kit, all the essentials needed to fill your pack for the unexpected tire repair.

350 PSI replacement pressure gauge for all floor pumps with 2.5-inch gauges, includes glue and O-ring. Highly precise with a 1.5-inch screen and two-button system for easy use.

Lezyne's Micro Floor Drive HP is a powerful mini-pump that thinks it's a floor pump. Its fold-out foot peg and aluminum construction make it easier than ever to pump up to a maximum pressure of 160 psi. You'll appreciate the ergonomic handle, extra-long hose and Presta/Schrader-valve compatibility. A frame mount and Speed Chuck is included, too.

Lezyne's Gauge Drive HV is a compact high volume hand pump made of custom CNC machined aluminum for precise, lightweight construction. The high-volume design easily inflates mountain bike tires to the desired volume with fewer strokes. The overlapping handle and barrel, with oversized piston and shaft, are integrated into a compact design. It comes equipped with Lezyne's ABS Pen Gauge, a compact in-line pressure gauge compatible with Presta and Schrader valves.